Mineral

Botryoidal Hematite (Kidney Ore)

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5–6.5 Mohs; Color: Metallic gray to brownish-red; Luster: Submetallic, dull, or earthy; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 5.26

Hardness: 5
Color: Metallic gray to brownish-red
Luster: Submetallic, dull, or earthy

Identified February 22, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5–6.5 Mohs; Color: Metallic gray to brownish-red; Luster: Submetallic, dull, or earthy; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 5.26

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins, as a sublimation product in volcanic areas, or through the weathering of iron-rich minerals. Often found in Precambrian banded iron formations.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron for steel production; used as a pigment (ochre), polishing compound (jeweler's rouge), and in gemstone jewelry.

Geological facts

The name hematite is derived from the Greek word for blood (haima), due to the red color of its streak and powdered form. It is also found in large quantities on Mars.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its characteristic reddish-brown streak on a porcelain plate and its 'mammillary' or grape-like (botryoidal) surface texture. Common in Michigan, Minnesota, Brazil, and Australia.

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