Olivine (Peridot)

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6.5–7 (Mohs scale), Color: Olive-green, lime-green, to brownish; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 3.2–4.3

Formation & Geological History

Formed in the Earth's mantle and brought to the surface by tectonic or volcanic activity (xenoliths). Can also be found in certain meteorites (pallasites). Geological age varies by source location.

Uses & Applications

High-quality crystals are used as gemstones (Peridot). Lower grade olivine is used as a flux for steel production, an abrasive, and a refractory sand in casting.

Geological Facts

Olivine is one of the most common minerals in the Earth, making up much of the upper mantle. Rare specimens found in pallasite meteorites are among the most beautiful extraterrestrial materials.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its distinctive pistachio-green to olive-green color and sugary (granular) texture in common rocks like basalt. Look for it in volcanic areas or on 'green sand' beaches.

Identified on: 4/23/2026

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