mineral

Aquamarine

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18 with iron traces)

Hardness: 7.5–8 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale blue to light green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal system: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.66–2.80.

Hardness: 7
Color: Pale blue to light green
Luster: Vitreous

Identified March 21, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7.5–8 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale blue to light green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal system: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.66–2.80.

Formation & geological history

Formed in granitic pegmatites and metamorphic hydrothermal veins. They crystallize during the late stages of magma cooling, often found in cavities where large crystals can grow. Notable deposits date back millions of years.

Uses & applications

Primary use is in fine jewelry as a gemstone. Lesser quality specimens are sought by mineral collectors. Historically used as a source of beryllium for industrial alloys.

Geological facts

The name comes from Latin 'aqua marina', meaning 'water of the sea'. In ancient times, it was believed to protect sailors at sea and ensure a safe voyage. The Dom Pedro Aquamarine is the world's largest cut specimen.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its characteristic pale blue-green hue and high clarity. It lacks the typical cleavage of topaz. Common locations include Brazil, Pakistan, Nigeria, and Madagascar. In the field, look for hexagonal prismatic crystals in pegmatite formations.