mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Steel-gray to black (metallic), reddish-brown (earthy); Luster: Metallic to sub-metallic; Crystal System: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 5.26; Streak: Cherry red to reddish-brown.

Hardness: 5
Color: Steel-gray to black (metallic), reddish-brown (earthy)
Luster: Metallic to sub-metallic

Identified April 28, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic environments. Most commonly found in banded iron formations (BIFs) where it precipitated out of seawater billions of years ago. It also occurs as a secondary mineral through weathering or in hydrothermal veins.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron and steel production. Also used as a pigment in paints (ochre), a polishing compound (jeweler's rouge), and increasingly in jewelry as beads or carved into cabochon rings and pendants.

Geological facts

Hematite is notably found on the planet Mars, giving the 'Red Planet' its distinct color. It is much denser than most stones of a similar size, making it feel surprisingly heavy for its volume.

Field identification & locations

Key identification involves the 'streak test': regardless of its metallic black exterior, it will leave a reddish streak on unglazed porcelain. It is found globally, with major deposits in Brazil, Australia, China, and the Lake Superior region of the USA.