mineral

Rhodochrosite

Manganese carbonate (MnCO3)

Hardness: 3.5-4.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Characteristic rose-pink to cherry red, often with white banding; Luster: Vitreous to pearly; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral in three directions; Specific gravity: 3.4-3.7

Hardness: 3
Luster: Vitreous to pearly

Identified March 11, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins associated with silver, copper, and lead deposits. Also found in metamorphic deposits and as a secondary mineral in manganese-rich sedimentary rocks. Famous specimens range from millions to hundreds of millions of years old depending on the locale.

Uses & applications

Used primarily as an ore of manganese, a semi-precious gemstone (cabochons), and highly prized decorative ornamental stone. Rare crystal specimens are very popular in the mineral collecting community.

Geological facts

Known as 'Inca Rose' because the Incas believed it was the solidified blood of their former kings. It is the official state mineral of Colorado, USA, where the famous Sweet Home Mine produced the world-renowned 'Alma King' specimen.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its distinctive pink color and reaction (effervescence) to warm hydrochloric acid. Often associated with black manganese oxides. Common locations include Argentina (banded variety), Colorado (USA), Peru, and South Africa.