mineral

Turquoise

Turquoise (Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium) CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs), Color: sky blue to blue-green, Luster: waxy to subvitreous, Crystal structure: Triclinic, Cleavage: Perfect to fair, Specific gravity: 2.6-2.9

Identified May 8, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs), Color: sky blue to blue-green, Luster: waxy to subvitreous, Crystal structure: Triclinic, Cleavage: Perfect to fair, Specific gravity: 2.6-2.9

Formation & geological history

Formed by the percolation of acidic aqueous solutions during the weathering and oxidation of pre-existing minerals. It is a secondary mineral usually found in arid regions within volcanic rocks or sedimentary environments.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used as a gemstone for jewelry (beads, cabochons, inlays) and as an ornamental stone in various cultures for thousands of years.

Geological facts

Turquoise is one of the oldest known gemstones, used by the ancient Egyptians as early as 3000 BCE. Its name comes from the French 'turquois', meaning 'Turkish', as it first reached Europe via Turkey.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its unique sky-blue to apple-green color and waxy appearance. Often found in veinlets, crusts, or nodules. Common locations include Iran, Southwestern USA, China, and Egypt. Collectors look for high polish and lack of 'matrix' (host rock inclusions).

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