Hematite

Physical Properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Steel-gray to black (metallic) or reddish-brown (earthy); Luster: Metallic to sub-metallic; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 5.26

Formation & Geological History

Formed in sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic environments. Primarily occurs as a primary mineral in banded iron formations (BIFs) and as a precipitate from hydrothermal fluids. Common in highly oxidized environments.

Uses & Applications

Primary ore of iron; used in heavy industry (steel production), as a polishing agent (jeweler's rouge), in pigments/dyes, and extensively in jewelry/beads (as seen in the image).

Geological Facts

Despite its black or silver appearance, hematite always leaves a distinct rust-red streak when rubbed on a porcelain plate. It is one of the most abundant minerals on Earth's surface and also gives the planet Mars its reddish hue.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its high density (feels heavy for its size) and its characteristic red streak. Commonly found in massive deposits in Brazil, Australia, and the Lake Superior region of North America.

Identified on: 4/21/2026

Mode: Standard