metamorphic
White Jade (Nephrite or Jadeite)
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2) or Jadeite (NaAlSi2O6)
Hardness: 6.0-7.0 (Mohs); Color: Creamy white to pale gray; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregates); Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.4
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Creamy white to pale gray
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-7.0 (Mohs); Color: Creamy white to pale gray; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregates); Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.4
Formation & geological history
Formed through high-pressure, low-temperature metamorphism in subduction zones. Nephrite is common in dolomitic marbles and serpentinites. Geological age varies by deposit (typically Mesozoic to Cenozoic).
Uses & applications
Predominantly used for jewelry (cabs, beads), ornamental carvings, and historical talismans. High-quality white nephrite is particularly prized in Chinese 'Mutton Fat' jade markets.
Geological facts
In ancient China, white jade was considered more valuable than gold or silver, symbolizing purity and immortality. The fibrous interlocking structure makes it one of the toughest natural materials, resistant to fracturing.
Field identification & locations
Field identification: Feels cool to the touch, possesses a waxy/greasy texture when polished, and is remarkably heavy for its size. Does not scratch easily with a steel knife. Found in China, British Columbia, New Zealand, and Russia.
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