mineral

Aquamarine

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18 with iron impurities)

Hardness: 7.5 to 8.0 on the Mohs scale; Color: Pale blue to greenish-blue; Luster: Vitreous (glass-like); Crystal structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.66 to 2.80.

Hardness: 7
Color: Pale blue to greenish-blue
Luster: Vitreous (glass-like)

Identified March 11, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7.5 to 8.0 on the Mohs scale; Color: Pale blue to greenish-blue; Luster: Vitreous (glass-like); Crystal structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.66 to 2.80.

Formation & geological history

Formed in granitic pegmatites and metamorphic rocks (schists). The blue color is typically caused by trace amounts of ferrous iron (Fe2+). These specimens often date from tens to hundreds of millions of years old, forming in the late stages of magmatic crystallization.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone in high-end jewelry (rings, necklaces). Also of high value as a cabinet specimen for mineral collectors. Industrially, beryl is an ore of beryllium, though aquamarine specifically is rarely used for this due to its gem value.

Geological facts

Aquamarine is the birthstone for March. Legend says it was the lucky stone of sailors, promising safe passage through stormy seas. The largest gem-quality crystal ever found was the 'Dom Pedro,' weighing 110 kg before cutting.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct pale blue color, hexagonal crystal habit (though this specimen is rough/fractured), and its ability to scratch glass easily. Common locations include Brazil (Minas Gerais), Pakistan, Russia (Ural Mountains), and the United States (Colorado).

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