mineral

Quartz (specifically Citrine or Iron-stained Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale yellow to light brown/orange; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale
Color: Pale yellow to light brown/orange
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified March 26, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale yellow to light brown/orange; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks, as well as hydrothermal veins. The color is often the result of iron impurities or natural irradiation during the cooling process of silica-rich fluids.

Uses & applications

Used in gemstone making, crystal healing/metaphysical practices, glass manufacturing, and as abrasive material. Industrial quality quartz is used in oscillators for watches and electronics.

Geological facts

Quartz is one of the most abundant minerals in the Earth's crust. Natural citrine is rare; most commercial citrine is actually heat-treated amethyst or smoky quartz.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its hardness (it will scratch glass easily) and its conchoidal (shell-like) fracture pattern. It lacks cleavage planes. Found globally, especially in Madagascar, Brazil, and the United States (colorado).

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