Specular Hematite (Specularite)

Physical Properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5; Color: Steel-gray to black with a glittering, metallic sparkle; Luster: Submetallic to metallic; Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 5.26.

Formation & Geological History

Formed through hydrothermal processes, sedimentary precipitation in iron formations (BIFs), or contact metamorphism. Often found in Precambrian formations around 2.4 to 1.8 billion years old.

Uses & Applications

Primary ore of iron; also used in jewelry-making (beads and pendants), as a heavy media for separation processes, and as a glittering pigment in anti-corrosion paints.

Geological Facts

Specularite gets its name from the Latin 'speculum,' meaning mirror, because of its reflective surfaces. It is essentially hematite with a micaceous (flake-like) habit that reflects light like tiny mirrors.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its characteristic brilliant sparkle (glitter appearance) and its reddish-brown streak when rubbed against an unglazed porcelain plate. Found commonly in Brazil, USA (Lake Superior region), and Australia.

Identified on: 4/13/2026

Mode: Standard