mineral

Amethyst

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron impurities

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale lavender to deep violet; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale
Color: Pale lavender to deep violet
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified June 18, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale lavender to deep violet; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins or inside volcanic geodes when silica-rich water cools and crystallizes over thousands of years. The violet color comes from gamma irradiation and iron impurities. Geological age varies by location, often millions of years old.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in jewelry (faceting, beads, cabochons), as decorative display specimens, and in metaphysical or spiritual practices.

Geological facts

Amethyst was once considered one of the five cardinal gemstones alongside diamonds and rubies until large deposits were found in Brazil. Its name comes from the Greek word 'amethystos', meaning 'not intoxicated', as it was believed to prevent drunkenness.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its six-sided prismatic crystals ending in a point and its signature purple color. Commonly found in Brazil, Uruguay, Zambia, and Ontario. Collectors look for deep saturation and lack of visible inclusions.

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