igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock (Granite)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically pink, white, gray, or black phaneritic grains; Luster: Vitreous to pearly; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained) interlocking crystals; Specific gravity: 2.65 to 2.75.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- typically pink, white, gray, or black phaneritic grains
- Luster
- Vitreous to pearly
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically pink, white, gray, or black phaneritic grains; Luster: Vitreous to pearly; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained) interlocking crystals; Specific gravity: 2.65 to 2.75.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow crystallization of magma below the Earth's surface (intrusive). Most granite was formed during the Precambrian era or more recently in continental crust thickening events.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, monuments, and as a structural building material. It is also a popular rock for gravel and road base.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large part of the Earth's continental crust. Mount Rushmore is carved into a granite batholith in the Black Hills of South Dakota.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by looking for a 'salt and pepper' appearance with visible crystals of quartz (glassy), feldspar (pink/white), and mica (shiny black flakes). It is found worldwide in mountainous regions and continental shields like the Canadian Shield.
