mineral

Specular Hematite

Specularite (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5; Color: Steel-gray to black with a glittering, metallic surface; Luster: Sub-metallic to metallic; Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None; Streak: Distinctly reddish-brown.

Hardness: 5
Color: Steel-gray to black with a glittering, metallic surface
Luster: Sub-metallic to metallic

Identified April 25, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in high-temperature hydrothermal veins and through metamorphic processes in iron-rich sedimentary environments. It is often found in Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) dating back billions of years or in contact metamorphic zones.

Uses & applications

Primarily mined as a major ore of iron. High-quality specimens are used in jewelry (as 'specularite' beads), and the mineral can be ground down for use as a pigment or polishing abrasive (jeweler's rouge).

Geological facts

Specular hematite gets its name from the Latin word 'speculum,' meaning mirror, because its flat, plate-like crystal faces are highly reflective. Despite looking like steel, it will leave a characteristic rust-red streak on a porcelain plate.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its intense metallic glitter ('sparkliness') and its weight; it is much denser than regular rock. The red-brown streak test is the most definitive field identification method for hematite.