mineral

Diamond

Diamond (pure Carbon, C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale); Color: Colorless to faint yellow/brown; Luster: Adamantine; Crystal structure: Cubic (Isometric); Cleavage: Perfect octahedral; Specific Gravity: 3.52.

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale)
Color: Colorless to faint yellow/brown
Luster: Adamantine

Identified February 21, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale); Color: Colorless to faint yellow/brown; Luster: Adamantine; Crystal structure: Cubic (Isometric); Cleavage: Perfect octahedral; Specific Gravity: 3.52.

Formation & geological history

Formed under conditions of high temperature and pressure at depths of 140-190 kilometers in the Earth's mantle. Transported to the surface via deep-source volcanic eruptions called kimberlite or lamproite pipes. Most diamonds are 1 to 3.5 billion years old.

Uses & applications

Primary use in high-end jewelry (engagement rings, necklaces), and industrial applications including cutting, drilling, and grinding tools due to extreme hardness.

Geological facts

Diamond is the hardest naturally occurring substance on Earth. Famous specimens include the Hope Diamond and the Cullinan. It is the birthstone for April.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its brilliance, ability to scratch any other material, and thermal conductivity (heat dispersion). Commonly found in alluvial deposits or kimberlite pipes in locations like South Africa, Russia, Canada, and Australia.