mineral

Malachite

Copper carbonate hydroxide Cu2CO3(OH)2

Hardness: 3.5-4.0; Color: Bright green, dark green, blackish green with concentric banding; Luster: Silky to dull; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Perfect in one direction; Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0

Hardness: 3
Luster: Silky to dull

Identified June 8, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Secondary mineral formed in the oxidation zone of copper deposits; carbonated water interacts with copper ores. Found worldwide in diverse geological environments where copper oxidation occurs.

Uses & applications

Used primarily as decorative stone, gemstones for jewelry (cabochons, beads), and in carvings. Historically used as a green pigment in paint until the 1800s.

Geological facts

In Ancient Egypt, it was used as eye shadow. It is famous for its ‘botryoidal’ (grape-like) growth habits and distinctive banding patterns. Large deposits are found in the Ural Mountains and the DRC.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its vivid green color and unique banding. It will react and effervesce slightly with dilute hydrochloric acid. It is often found associated with Azurite.