Serpentinite

Physical Properties

Hardness: 3–6 (variable); Color: Greenish-gray to dark green with white calcite or quartz veining; Luster: Waxy to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 2.5–2.6.

Formation & Geological History

Formed by the low-temperature hydrothermal metamorphism (serpentinization) of mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Earth's mantle, typically at tectonic plate boundaries/subduction zones.

Uses & Applications

Used as an architectural ornamental stone (Verde Antique), a source of magnesium, historically for asbestos, and as a popular carving stone for sculpture.

Geological Facts

Serpentinite is the official state rock of California. It often creates unique, nutrient-poor soils (serpentine soils) that host rare endemic plant species.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its characteristic 'snake-skin' green appearance and waxy feel. Often contains crisscrossing white veins of carbonate or quartz. Found in ophiolite complexes and mountain belts worldwide.

Identified on: 4/14/2026

Mode: Standard