metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentinite (Mg, Fe, Ni, Al, Zn, Mn)2-3(Si, Al, Fe)2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3–6 (variable); Color: Greenish-gray to dark green with white calcite or quartz veining; Luster: Waxy to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 2.5–2.6.
- Hardness
- 3–6 (variable)
- Luster
- Waxy to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3–6 (variable); Color: Greenish-gray to dark green with white calcite or quartz veining; Luster: Waxy to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 2.5–2.6.
Formation & geological history
Formed by the low-temperature hydrothermal metamorphism (serpentinization) of mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Earth's mantle, typically at tectonic plate boundaries/subduction zones.
Uses & applications
Used as an architectural ornamental stone (Verde Antique), a source of magnesium, historically for asbestos, and as a popular carving stone for sculpture.
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the official state rock of California. It often creates unique, nutrient-poor soils (serpentine soils) that host rare endemic plant species.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic 'snake-skin' green appearance and waxy feel. Often contains crisscrossing white veins of carbonate or quartz. Found in ophiolite complexes and mountain belts worldwide.
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