Emerald / Green Beryl

Physical Properties

Hardness: 7.5-8 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep green to bluish green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Imperfect basal; Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78.

Formation & Geological History

Formed in hydrothermal veins or pegmatites where beryllium-rich fluids interact with chromium or vanadium. Found in metamorphic rocks like schist or sedimentary rocks like limestone/shale (specifically in Colombia).

Uses & Applications

Primary use is fine jewelry as one of the four precious gemstones. Also a highly prized collector's mineral.

Geological Facts

Emeralds were mined in Ancient Egypt as early as 1500 BCE. Because of their growth process, almost all emeralds contain internal fractures called 'jardin' (French for garden).

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its hex-prism crystal habit, intense green color, and characteristic internal inclusions. Found commonly in Colombia, Brazil, Zambia, and Ethiopia.

Identified on: 4/19/2026

Mode: Standard