mineral

Raw Citrine (Yellow Quartz)

Citrine / Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale yellow to brownish orange; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale
Color: Pale yellow to brownish orange
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified March 20, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale yellow to brownish orange; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Formed in igneous or metamorphic environments, primarily in pegmatites or hydrothermal veins. Its yellow color comes from trace amounts of iron within the quartz structure. Natural specimens are often millions of years old.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used as a gemstone in jewelry (facet or cabochon) and highly popular in the metaphysical community and lapidary arts. Specifically, it is chosen for its hardness and durability.

Geological facts

Natural citrine is quite rare; most commercial 'citrine' is actually heat-treated amethyst or smoky quartz. Known as the 'Merchant's Stone' or 'Success Stone' in folklore, it has been used in jewelry since Hellenistic Greece.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its hardness (will scratch glass/steel) and lack of cleavage. Natural citrine is usually pale yellow with a uniform color, whereas heat-treated specimens often appear bright orange with white bases. Common locations include Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia.

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