metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis Lazuli (Complex aggregate containing Lazurite (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(SO4,S,Cl)2)
Hardness: 5 to 5.5; Color: Deep blue with white calcite and gold-colored pyrite inclusions; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Isometric (Lazurite); Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9.
- Hardness
- 5 to 5
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5 to 5.5; Color: Deep blue with white calcite and gold-colored pyrite inclusions; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Isometric (Lazurite); Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9.
Formation & geological history
Formed primarily by contact metamorphism of limestone or marble. The blue color is due to the presence of the mineral lazurite. Notable deposits date back millions of years.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in jewelry, ornamental carvings, and historically ground into pigment for ultramarine paint. Also valued by mineral collectors.
Geological facts
Historically used by ancient Egyptians for amulets and in the funeral mask of Tutankhamun. It was the source of the world's most expensive blue pigment during the Renaissance.
Field identification & locations
Identify by the distinct intense blue color, the presence of golden pyrite flecks (brass-gold), and white calcite veins. Commonly found in Afghanistan, Russia, and Chile.
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