metamorphic
Serpentine
Antigorite, Lizardite, and Chrysotile (Mg3Si2O5(OH)4)
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs); Color: Olive green, yellow-green, or brownish; Luster: Waxy to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Specific gravity: 2.5-2.6
- Hardness
- 3-6 (Mohs)
- Color
- Olive green, yellow-green, or brownish
- Luster
- Waxy to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs); Color: Olive green, yellow-green, or brownish; Luster: Waxy to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Specific gravity: 2.5-2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed via serpentinization, the hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks (like peridotite) at low temperatures in the presence of water, typically in subduction zones.
Uses & applications
Used as a gemstone (cabochons), ornamental architectural stone (Vermont marble), and historically as a source of asbestos within certain varieties.
Geological facts
Serpentine is the official state rock of California. It is often confused with jade but is significantly softer and has a waxier feel.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinctive slick, 'snake-skin' like appearance and waxy luster. Common in ophiolite complexes and metamorphic terranes. Collectors look for translucent 'Precious Serpentine'.
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