mineral

Red Carnelian

Carnelian (Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)

Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Translucent reddish-orange to brownish-red; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None; Fracture: Conchoidal; Specific Gravity: 2.59-2.61.

Hardness: 6
Color: Translucent reddish-orange to brownish-red
Luster: Vitreous to waxy

Identified April 11, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through the deposition of silica from groundwater into cavities of volcanic rocks (lavas). The reddish tint is primarily due to the presence of iron oxide (hematite) impurities. It can be found in sedimentary environments through weathered volcanic debris.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone in jewelry (cabochons, beads), for carvings, intaglios, and wax seals. It is a popular stone for tumbling and crystal healing collections.

Geological facts

Carnelian was famously used in Ancient Egypt for amulets and scarabs, believed to provide protection. It was also a popular choice for signet rings in Roman times because hot wax does not stick to its smooth surface.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinctive waxy luster and translucent orange-red hue when held up to a light source. Found frequently in India, Brazil, Madagascar, and Uruguay. Collectors should look for even color saturation and high translucency.