Travertine

Physical Properties

Hardness: 3-4 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, rust-orange; Luster: Dull to earthy; Structure: Microcrystalline, porous/vesicular; Specific gravity: ~2.7

Formation & Geological History

Formed by the rapid precipitation of calcium carbonate, often at the mouth of hot springs or in limestone caves. The orange/brown colors are due to iron oxides or organic matter.

Uses & Applications

Broadly used as a building material, facade cladding, flooring, garden decoration, and in landscaping due to its unique texture.

Geological Facts

Much of the Roman Colosseum is built from travertine. It is characterized by the tiny holes (vacuoles) caused by trapped gas or organic matter during formation.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its pitted surface and 'swiss cheese' appearance. It will fizz when exposed to dilute hydrochloric acid. Commonly found in geothermal regions like Turkey, Italy, and Yellowstone.

Identified on: 4/13/2026

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