metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (a variety of the Calcium magnesium iron silicate mineral series Actinolite), Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Hardness: 6.0–6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Mottle dark green to sage green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregate); Cleavage: None (highly tough due to interlocking fibers); Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Mottle dark green to sage green
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0–6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Mottle dark green to sage green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregate); Cleavage: None (highly tough due to interlocking fibers); Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03
Formation & geological history
Formed through regional metamorphism of ultramafic rocks or magnesian limestones. It is often found in association with serpentinite. It forms in subduction zones under high pressure and relatively low temperatures.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in jewelry (beads, cabochons), ornamental carvings, sculpture, and historically for axe heads and weapons due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is one of two distinct minerals known as Jade (the other being Jadeite). It is famously known in China as the 'Stone of Heaven' and has been used for over 5,000 years for ritual objects and royal emblems.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'greasy' feel when polished and its extreme resistance to breaking. In the field, look for smooth, waxy water-worn boulders in riverbeds in areas like British Columbia, New Zealand, or Wyoming. It is much tougher than quartz and cannot be scratched by a steel knife easily.
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