Carnelian Agate

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6.5-7.0 (Mohs); Color: Orange, red-orange, translucent brown; Luster: Waxy to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64

Formation & Geological History

Formed as a primary mineral in cavities of volcanic rocks or as veins in sedimentary environments. Its color is derived from iron oxide (hematite) impurities during the silica deposition process.

Uses & Applications

Used primarily in jewelry making (cabochons, beads), decorative carvings, and as a popular semi-precious gemstone for collectors and metaphysical enthusiasts.

Geological Facts

Carnelian was used by ancient Egyptians and Romans in signet rings and amulets because it does not stick to hot wax. It is one of the most historically significant colored gemstones, dating back to at least 4500 BC.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its characteristic 'banded' chalcedony appearance combined with warm orange/red hues. It is commonly found in Brazil, India, Uruguay, and Madagascar. In the field, look for nodules with a waxy exterior.

Identified on: 4/18/2026

Mode: Standard