mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 (Mohs scale), Color: Steel-gray to black (when polished) or reddish-brown (natural state), Luster: Metallic to submetallic, Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal, Cleavage: None (has parting), Specific gravity: 5.26

Hardness: 5

Identified June 2, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed as a primary mineral in igneous rocks, as a precipitate in hydrothermal veins, and most commonly as a sedimentary deposit (Banded Iron Formations) resulting from the oxidation of iron in early ocean waters.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron and steel, used as a polishing compound (jeweler's rouge), pigments for dyes and paints, and as a popular semi-precious gemstone for jewelry and carvings.

Geological facts

Hematite is often known as 'bloodstone' in ancient times because it turns red when ground into powder. It is also found in large quantities on Mars, which gives the Planet its distinctive red color.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct reddish-brown streak when scratched against an unglazed porcelain plate. Highly common in iron-rich sedimentary regions such as the Lake Superior district (USA), Brazil, and Australia.