mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 (Mohs), Color: Steel-gray to black, metallic luster, Trigonal crystal system, No cleavage, Specific Gravity: 5.26

Hardness: 5

Identified June 16, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 (Mohs), Color: Steel-gray to black, metallic luster, Trigonal crystal system, No cleavage, Specific Gravity: 5.26

Formation & geological history

Formed in sedimentary environments through precipitation from water or as a metamorphic product from the alteration of magnetite and other iron-rich minerals. Found in various geological ages.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron for steel production; used as a pigment (ochre), in jewelry making (beads and cabochons), and as a polishing compound (jeweler's rouge).

Geological facts

The name comes from the Greek word for blood 'haima' because it leaves a reddish-brown streak. It is common on the surface of Mars, giving the planet its reddish hue.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its metallic luster and distinctive reddish-brown streak when rubbed on unglazed porcelain. It is heavy for its size and often found in banded iron formations or near hot springs.