mineral
Amethyst
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron impurities
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: Purple to deep violet, Luster: Vitreous (glassy) when polished, Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal, Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific Gravity: 2.65
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: Purple to deep violet, Luster: Vitreous (glassy) when polished, Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal, Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific Gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Formed in hydrothermal veins or as linings inside volcanic geodes (amygdules) when silica-rich fluids cool and crystallize over thousands of years at relatively low temperatures.
Uses & applications
Widely used for jewelry (faceted stones, cabochons), ornamental decor, and as a popular specimen for mineral collectors.
Geological facts
The purple color comes from iron irradiation. Historically, the Ancient Greeks believed it could prevent intoxication; the name comes from the Greek 'amethystos', meaning 'not intoxicated'.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinctive purple hue and hardness (it can scratch glass). Commonly found in Brazil, Uruguay, and Zambia. Collectors should look for depth of color and clarity.
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