mineral

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (common) to various hues, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific gravity: 3.51

Identified June 19, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (common) to various hues, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific gravity: 3.51

Formation & geological history

Formed under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions in the Earth's mantle, approximately 90 to 120 miles deep, and transported to the surface by kimberlite and lamproite volcanic eruptions.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in jewelry (engagement rings, necklaces) and industrial applications including cutting, drilling, and grinding tools due to its extreme hardness.

Geological facts

Diamonds are the hardest known natural substance. The Cullinan Diamond is the largest gem-quality rough diamond ever found, weighing 3,106 carats.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its hardness (cannot be scratched by any other mineral) and its high refractive index (brilliance). Commonly found in alluvial deposits or within kimberlite pipes in South Africa, Russia, and Canada.