mineral

Malachite

Malachite (Copper Carbonate Hydroxide, Cu2CO3(OH)2)

Hardness: 3.5-4.0 (Mohs); Color: Bright emerald green to dark green with banding; Luster: Silky to dull/earthy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Perfect in one direction; Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0

Hardness: 3
Color: Bright emerald green to dark green with banding
Luster: Silky to dull/earthy

Identified March 15, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

A secondary mineral that forms in the oxidation zones of copper ore deposits. It precipitates from hydrothermal solutions in caves and cavities, often forming botryoidal (grape-like) masses or fibrous aggregates.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a decorative gemstone for jewelry, cabochons, and ornamental objects. It was historically used as a mineral pigment for green paint until the 1800s and is an minor ore of copper.

Geological facts

Malachite is often found associated with Azurite (the blue copper carbonate). In ancient Egypt, it was used for amulets and ground into eye shadow. The massive 'Taza de Malaquita' (Malachite Vase) in the Hermitage Museum is one of the world's most famous specimens.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct green color and characteristic concentric banding ('bullseye' patterns). It will effervesce (fizz) in contact with dilute hydrochloric acid. Common locations include the DRC (Congo), Russia (Ural Mountains), Australia, and Arizona, USA.

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