metamorphic
Nephrite Jade / Greenstone
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6-6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Olive to forest green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregates); Cleavage: Indiscernible due to interlocking fibers; Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.0.
- Hardness
- 6-6
- Color
- Olive to forest green
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Olive to forest green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregates); Cleavage: Indiscernible due to interlocking fibers; Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.0.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich rocks (serpentinites) or silicified dolostones. Most deposits are associated with subduction zones and deep tectonic activity, often dating back to the Paleozoic or Mesozoic eras.
Uses & applications
Commonly used for fine jewelry, ornamental carvings, small sculptures, and architectural inlay. Due to its extreme toughness, it was historically used for tools and weapons (axes and blades).
Geological facts
Nephrite is actually tougher than diamond in terms of fracture resistance because its internal crystal structure consists of interwoven, felt-like fibers. It is one of the two distinct minerals recognized as 'Jade' (the other being Jadeite).
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its distinctive waxy/peasy luster on smooth surfaces and high toughness (it won't break easily with a hammer). Common locations include New Zealand (Pounamu), British Columbia, Alaska, and China. Collectors look for translucency when held to light.
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