mineral

White Topaz

Aluminum silicate fluoride hydroxide (Al2SiO4(F,OH)2)

Hardness: 8 on Mohs scale; Color: Colorless (White); Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Perfect basal; Specific Gravity: 3.4–3.6

Hardness: 8 on Mohs scale
Color: Colorless (White)
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified April 27, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 8 on Mohs scale; Color: Colorless (White); Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Perfect basal; Specific Gravity: 3.4–3.6

Formation & geological history

Formed as a result of fluorine-bearing vapors given off during the last stages of crystallization in igneous rocks like granite and pegmatite. It is often found in hydrothermal veins and cavities.

Uses & applications

Commonly used as a gemstone in jewelry (rings, pendants) and occasionally as a lower-cost alternative to diamond due to its high hardness and clarity.

Geological facts

Topaz is pleochroic, meaning it can show different colors when viewed from different directions. Although it is very hard, its perfect cleavage makes it susceptible to breaking if struck with force.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its high hardness (scratches quartz), perfect basal cleavage, and higher density compared to similar-looking quartz. Common locations include Brazil, Russia, and the United States (Utah/Texas).

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Arenite (SiO2 based)

sedimentary

Schist

Metamorphic

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metamorphic

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite

Mineral/Rock

Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)

Gneiss (specifically a banded variety often found as a river rock)

Metamorphic Rock

Green Apatite on Albite

Fluorapatite [Ca5(PO4)3F] on Albite [Na(AlSi3O8)]

mineral