mineral

Azurite in Gossan

Azurite (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2) in Limonite/Goethite matrix

Hardness: 3.5-4 (Mohs scale); Color: Azure blue, deep blue to pale blue; Luster: Vitreous to sub-vitreous; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Fair; Specific Gravity: 3.77

Hardness: 3
Color: Azure blue, deep blue to pale blue
Luster: Vitreous to sub-vitreous

Identified March 23, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 3.5-4 (Mohs scale); Color: Azure blue, deep blue to pale blue; Luster: Vitreous to sub-vitreous; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Fair; Specific Gravity: 3.77

Formation & geological history

Formed in the oxidized zones of copper ore deposits where carbonated waters descend through the earth and react with copper sulfides. It is often found within 'gossan' (an iron-enriched cap of a mineral deposit) alongside malachite.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a minor copper ore, a mineral specimen for collectors, and historically as a blue pigment known as 'mountain blue' or 'azure blue'. It is also used in ornamental jewelry, though it is soft and sensitive to heat.

Geological facts

Azurite is chemically unstable in open air compared to malachite and will frequently pseudo-morph (chemically change) into green malachite over geological time, while retaining its original crystal shape.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its intense 'azure' blue color and its association with greenish malachite and brown iron oxides. It will effervesce (fizz) when in contact with dilute hydrochloric acid. Commonly found in Arizona (USA), Morocco, and Namibia.

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