metamorphic
Quartzite
Quartzite (SiO2)
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Reddish-brown, tan, and creamy white; Luster: Vitreous to dull/waxy; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (microcrystalline); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.7
- Hardness
- 7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Reddish-brown, tan, and creamy white
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull/waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Reddish-brown, tan, and creamy white; Luster: Vitreous to dull/waxy; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (microcrystalline); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.7
Formation & geological history
Formed through the metamorphism of quartz-rich sandstone under intense heat and pressure, typically during mountain-building events. The reddish hues indicate iron oxide (hematite) staining.
Uses & applications
Used in construction as crushed stone or decorative landscaping. Historically used for stone tools due to its hardness and durability.
Geological facts
Quartzite is so tough that it often survives the weathering process better than the rocks around it, leading it to form prominent ridges and hills. This specific specimen appears water-worn, likely from a riverbed or glacial deposit.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its ability to scratch glass and its grainy, sandpaper-like texture that has been fused into a solid mass. Commonly found in old mountain ranges and glacial till across North America and Europe.
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