mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5; Color: Steel-gray to black, or reddish-brown; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Streak: Cherry-red to reddish-brown; SG: 5.26.

Hardness: 5
Color: Steel-gray to black, or reddish-brown
Luster: Metallic to earthy

Identified June 17, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5; Color: Steel-gray to black, or reddish-brown; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Streak: Cherry-red to reddish-brown; SG: 5.26.

Formation & geological history

Commonly forms in sedimentary environments via precipitation from water or as a product of weathering. It is also found in hydrothermal veins and as an accessory mineral in igneous rocks.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron; used in pigment manufacturing (ocher), as a polishing compound (jeweler's rouge), and in gemstone/jewelry production.

Geological facts

The name comes from the Greek word 'haima' for blood, due to the red color of its powder. It is the most important ore for the steel industry and is also responsible for the red color of the surface of Mars.

Field identification & locations

Can be identified in the field by its distinct reddish-brown streak on a porcelain plate, even if the specimen appears metallic or black. It is commonly found globally, with massive deposits in the Lake Superior region and Brazil.