mineral

Carnelian

Carnelian (Cryptocrystalline Quartz, SiO2)

Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Orange to reddish-brown; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Microcrystalline; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64.

Hardness: 6
Color: Orange to reddish-brown
Luster: Vitreous to waxy

Identified June 18, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Orange to reddish-brown; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Microcrystalline; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64.

Formation & geological history

Forms through the crystallization of silica-rich groundwater within volcanic and sedimentary rock cavities. Most commercial specimens are from the Eocene to Holocene periods.

Uses & applications

Used extensively in jewelry (beads, cabochons, rings), seal stones, and decorative carvings. It is also popular in holistic practices.

Geological facts

In ancient times, carnelian was believed to protect the wearer and was buried with Egyptian pharaohs. It has been used for signet rings for thousands of years because wax does not stick to it.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its translucent orange hue and waxy surface. Often found in riverbeds or gravel deposits in India, Brazil, and Uruguay. Look for the consistent color and lack of banding compared to agate.

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