igneous
Granite
Granite (Felsic Plutonic Rock)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Salt-and-pepper (white, gray, pink with black specks). Luster: Phaneritic (visible crystals), vitreous to dull. Structure: Granular/Crystalline. Cleavage: None (fractures irregularly). Specific Gravity: 2.63 - 2.75.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Salt-and-pepper (white, gray, pink with black specks)
- Luster
- Phaneritic (visible crystals), vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Salt-and-pepper (white, gray, pink with black specks). Luster: Phaneritic (visible crystals), vitreous to dull. Structure: Granular/Crystalline. Cleavage: None (fractures irregularly). Specific Gravity: 2.63 - 2.75.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface (intrusive). Geological ages vary from Precambrian to Cenozoic depending on location. Formed in continental crust at subduction zones or orogenic belts.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, monuments, and as aggregate for roads.
Geological facts
Granite is the most common igneous rock found on Earth's continents. The iconic peaks of Yosemite National Park are made almost entirely of granite. It is extremely durable and resistant to weathering.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'salt and pepper' appearance and visible interlocking crystals of quartz (clear), feldspar (white/pink), and mica (black/shiny). Found globally in continental shields and mountain ranges. Common in glacial till and riverbeds.
