Gold

Physical Properties

Hardness: 2.5-3.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Golden yellow; Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Isometric; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 19.3 (very high)

Formation & Geological History

Formed in hydrothermal veins created by volcanic activity and concentrated in sedimentary deposits called placers through erosion. Occurs in rocks of various ages, from Archean to Tertiary.

Uses & Applications

Used primarily in jewelry, currency/investment Bullion, electronics (as a high-conductivity conductor), dentistry, and aerospace engineering.

Geological Facts

Gold is incredibly malleable; a single ounce can be beaten into a sheet covering 100 square feet. It is one of the least reactive chemical elements and does not oxidize or tarnish in air or water.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its high density (it feels heavy for its size), extreme malleability (it will dent rather than shatter), and sector-independent yellow streak. Commonly found in quartz veins or as grains/nuggets in stream beds.

Identified on: 4/21/2026

Mode: Standard