mineral

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Clear/Colorless, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric (Cubic), Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.52

Identified May 31, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Clear/Colorless, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric (Cubic), Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.52

Formation & geological history

Formed under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions in Earth's mantle, approximately 90 to 120 miles below the surface. Most diamonds are transported to the surface by deep-origin volcanic eruptions called kimberlites, dating back 1 to 3.5 billion years.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in high-end jewelry (engagement rings, necklaces) and for industrial purposes such as cutting, grinding, and drilling due to extreme hardness.

Geological facts

Diamonds are the hardest known natural substance. The word comes from the Greek word 'adamas', meaning unbreakable. They are the birthstone for April and are often used as symbols of eternal love.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its extreme hardness (cannot be scratched by other minerals) and its ability to scratch glass easily. Look for adamantine luster and octahedral crystal forms. Found in kimberlite pipes or alluvial deposits.