mineral

Turquoise in Matrix

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium: CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Hardness (Mohs): 5-6, Color: sky-blue to green, Luster: waxy to subvitreous, Crystal: triclinic (usually microcrystalline), Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9

Identified May 9, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness (Mohs): 5-6, Color: sky-blue to green, Luster: waxy to subvitreous, Crystal: triclinic (usually microcrystalline), Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9

Formation & geological history

Secondary mineral formed by the percolation of acidic aqueous solutions during the weathering and oxidation of pre-existing minerals; often found in arid climates within volcanic rocks or limestones.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone for jewelry, ornamental carvings, and talismans. Highly valued by collectors for unique matrix patterns.

Geological facts

One of the oldest known gemstones, used by Ancient Egyptians and Native Americans for over 2,000 years. The matrix (dark veins) is typically composed of iron oxides or host rock like limonite.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its characteristic robin-egg blue or green color and dark dendritic matrix. Common in the Southwestern US (Arizona, Nevada) and Iran. Watch for 'stabilized' or dyed fakes.

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