mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Reddish-brown to black; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 5.26

Hardness: 5
Color: Reddish-brown to black
Luster: Metallic to earthy

Identified May 7, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Reddish-brown to black; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 5.26

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins, as an alteration product of magnetite, or in sedimentary environments like Banded Iron Formations (BIF) through precipitation from oxygen-rich seawater billions of years ago.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron; used as a polishing compound (jeweller's rouge), pigment in paints and cosmetics, and used in jewelry as beads or cabochons.

Geological facts

The red color of the planet Mars is attributed to iron-rich hematite on its surface; the name is derived from the Greek word 'haima' for blood.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct reddish-brown streak when scratched against a porcelain plate, even if the rock appears black or metallic. High density makes it feel heavy for its size.