mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5–6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Steel-gray to black (metallic) or red-brown (earthy); Luster: Metallic to splendent; Crystal Structure: Trigonal; Specific Gravity: 5.26; Streak: Blood-red to brownish-red.

Hardness: 5
Color: Steel-gray to black (metallic) or red-brown (earthy)
Luster: Metallic to splendent

Identified March 13, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms primarily in sedimentary environments via precipitation in lakes and oceans (Banded Iron Formations), though it can also form as a result of volcanic activity or contact metamorphism. Many deposits are over 2 billion years old.

Uses & applications

The world's most important ore of iron. Used in jewelry (as shown in the ring), beads, pigments (ochre), radiation shielding, and as a polishing abrasive (jeweler's rouge).

Geological facts

The name comes from the Greek word 'haima' for blood, due to its red streak. It is responsible for the red color of many rocks and is surprisingly found in high abundance on the surface of Mars, giving the Red Planet its hue.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its high density (feels heavy for its size) and by doing a streak test on unglazed porcelain, which will leave a distinct reddish-brown mark. Commonly found in large deposits in Brazil, Australia, China, and the Lake Superior region of the US.