metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentinite (complex silicate of magnesium, (Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)2-3(Si,Al,Fe)2O5(OH)4)
Hardness: 3-6 on Mohs scale; Color: Dark green, black, or grey with light veining; Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.9
- Hardness
- 3-6 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Dark green, black, or grey with light veining
- Luster
- Greasy, waxy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 on Mohs scale; Color: Dark green, black, or grey with light veining; Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed through 'serpentinization,' a low-temperature metamorphic process where mafic/ultramafic rocks from the Earth's mantle are hydrated. Typically found in ophiolites and subduction zones.
Uses & applications
Used as decorative architectural stone (Verde Antique), a source of magnesium, and historically as a source of asbestos. Used in lapidary for carvings and jewelry.
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the official state rock of California. It can host unique ecosystems because the soil it produces is high in heavy metals and low in essential nutrients.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic 'snake-skin' appearance, waxy feel, and dark green color. Often found in mountain belts where oceanic crust has been uplifted.
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