metamorphic
Serpentine
Antigorite/Lizardite/Chrysotile complex: (Mg, Fe, Ni, Al, Zn, Mn)2-3(Si, Al, Fe)2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs), Color: Olive green to blackish green, Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky, Crystal Structure: Monoclinic/Orthorhombic, Specific Gravity: 2.5-2.6
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs), Color: Olive green to blackish green, Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky, Crystal Structure: Monoclinic/Orthorhombic, Specific Gravity: 2.5-2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed through serpentinization, which is the metamorphic hydration of ultramafic rocks (like peridotite) from the Earth’s mantle at low temperatures and high pressures, often at tectonic plate boundaries.
Uses & applications
Used as a source of asbestos (chrysotile), decorative building stone, lapidary carvings, and occasionally as a minor gemstone. Also studied for carbon sequestration.
Geological facts
Serpentine is the state rock of California. The name comes from the Latin 'serpentinus', meaning 'resembling a serpent', due to its green color and scaly appearance.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic waxy luster, varying shades of green, and smooth, almost soapy feel. Often found in ophiolite belts where oceanic crust has been pushed onto land.
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