mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5–6.5 Mohs scale. Color: Metallic black to steel gray in tumbled stones, can appear reddish-brown in unpolished form. Luster: Metallic to submetallic. Crystal structure: Trigonal. Cleavage: None. Specific gravity: 5.26.

Hardness: 5
Luster: Metallic to submetallic

Identified March 25, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in sedimentary environments via precipitation from water, or in igneous/metamorphic environments via hydrothermal activity and contact metamorphism. Major deposits date back 2.4 billion years (Banded Iron Formations).

Uses & applications

Primary source of iron ore for steel production. Used as a polishing agent (jeweler's rouge), pigment for paints, and in jewelry and metaphysical collecting.

Geological facts

The name comes from the Greek word 'haima' meaning blood, due to the red color of its streak. Hematite is the same mineral that gives the surface of Mars its reddish hue.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct reddish-brown streak when rubbed on unglazed porcelain. It is unusually heavy for its size. Tumbled specimens are frequently found in gift shops and lapidary markets worldwide.