mineral

Diamond

Diamond (C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (in this specimen), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral (cubic), Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific gravity: 3.52

Identified May 7, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (in this specimen), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral (cubic), Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific gravity: 3.52

Formation & geological history

Formed under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions in Earth's mantle, approximately 100 miles below the surface, and brought up by deep-source volcanic eruptions called kimberlite pipes. Most are 1 billion to 3.5 billion years old.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in high-end jewelry (rings, earrings, necklaces) and industrial applications for cutting, grinding, and drilling due to its extreme hardness.

Geological facts

Diamond is the hardest natural substance on Earth. It is composed of pure carbon arranged in a specific crystal lattice that gives it its legendary strength.

Field identification & locations

Identify by extreme hardness (scratches all other minerals), high thermal conductivity, and refractive brilliance. They are found in kimberlite pipes or alluvial deposits in locations like Russia, Botswana, and Canada.