metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 Mohs scale; Color: Sage green to deep forest green; Luster: Waxy to vitreous; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous structure); Cleavage: None (highly tough splintery fracture); Specific gravity: 2.90-3.03
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Sage green to deep forest green
- Luster
- Waxy to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 Mohs scale; Color: Sage green to deep forest green; Luster: Waxy to vitreous; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous structure); Cleavage: None (highly tough splintery fracture); Specific gravity: 2.90-3.03
Formation & geological history
Formed through regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich rocks (like serpentinite) or contact metamorphism of dolomitic limestones. It is characterized by an interlocking fibrous structure that makes it incredibly tough.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry, ornamental carvings, sculpture, and historically for tools and weapons due to its extreme toughness and fracture resistance.
Geological facts
Nephrite is one of two distinct minerals known as jade (the other being Jadeite). It was highly prized in ancient China where it was known as the 'Stone of Heaven.' It is significantly more common than jadeite.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its waxy luster, extreme toughness (very hard to break even with a hammer), and characteristic 'greasy' feel when polished. Commonly found in British Columbia, New Zealand, China, and Russia.
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