metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Hardness: 6.0-6.5; Color: Deep green to grayish green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (interwoven fibrous microcrystals); Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Deep green to grayish green
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5; Color: Deep green to grayish green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (interwoven fibrous microcrystals); Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolostones) or serpentinites. It is typically found in metamorphic terranes associated with subduction zones.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in jewelry, ornamental carvings, sculpture, and historically for axe heads and tools due to its incredible toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is actually tougher than steel and diamond. While diamond is harder (harder to scratch), nephrite's dense interconnected fibrous structure makes it much harder to break or chip.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its greasy luster when polished and its extreme toughness. Common locations include British Columbia, New Zealand, Russia, and China. In the field, look for smooth, water-worn boulders in riverbeds near metamorphic belts.
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