metamorphic
Serpentine (New Jade)
Antigorite, Lizardite, and Chrysotile (Mg3Si2O5(OH)4)
Hardness: 3–6 on Mohs scale; Color: Lime green to olive green with dark inclusions; Luster: Waxy to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 2.5–2.6
- Hardness
- 3–6 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Lime green to olive green with dark inclusions
- Luster
- Waxy to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3–6 on Mohs scale; Color: Lime green to olive green with dark inclusions; Luster: Waxy to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 2.5–2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed through serpentinization, a low-temperature metamorphic process where ultramafic rocks (like peridotite) are hydrated in the Earth's crust. It is often found in ophiolite complexes along tectonic plate boundaries.
Uses & applications
Commonly used for ornamental carvings, tumbled stones, jewelry beads, and architectural stone. Historically, fibrous varieties were used for asbestos, though the massive variety shown is used for decor.
Geological facts
Despite the trade name 'New Jade,' it is not a true jadeite or nephrite. It is named 'Serpentine' because its green mottled appearance resembles the skin of a serpent.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its characteristic waxy luster and soapy feel. It is softer than glass and often contains black specks of magnetite. Major deposits are found in Afghanistan, China, USA (California), and South Africa.
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