Sandstone

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6-7 (if quartz-rich); Color: Tan, yellow, or buff; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & Geological History

Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, usually in desert, river, or coastal environments over millions of years.

Uses & Applications

Widely used as a construction material for flagstones, decorative tiles, and statues; also a key reservoir for groundwater and petroleum.

Geological Facts

Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous geological formations like the Grand Canyon and Petra are primarily carved from sandstone.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible sedimentary layers. It is found globally in sedimentary basins and arid regions.

Identified on: 5/19/2026

Mode: Standard